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1.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 26(3): 1111-1126, set-dez. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1414410

ABSTRACT

O Diabetes desde a antiguidade tem sido uma das maiores causas de morte entre as populações do globo, e segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde continua assolando nos nossos dias. Apesar das descobertas de tratamentos mais eficazes, a doença vem avançando em progressões assustadoras atualmente, com projeções preocupantes para a saúde pública. Como estratégia de acompanhamento terapêutico, estatístico direcionado a portadores de diabetes, o Governo Federal lançou o programa HIPERDIA (Hipertensos e Diabéticos), que faz o acompanhamento da evolução da doença e das complicações dos pacientes. E neste sentido, também são utilizadas terapêuticas mais acessíveis como as plantas medicinais. O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em realizar uma revisão bibliográfica abordando as opções de terapias de controle do diabetes oferecidas no Sistema Único de Saúde e pesquisar fitoterápicos com potencial hipoglicêmico aprovados pela Anvisa. Através de levantamento bibliográfico, foram identificadas oito espécies vegetais utilizadas pela medicina popular no controle do diabetes, sendo estas: Bauhinia Forficata, Syzygium Cumini, Annona Muricata, Cynara Scolymus, Momordica Charantia, Eugenia Uniflora e Baccharis Trimera. Essas plantas do programa, embora tenham comprovação de seu efeito hipoglicêmico e redutores dos sintomas diabéticos, pelas suas propriedades antioxidantes e antiinflamatórias, colabora para uma melhor qualidade de vida aos pacientes.


Since antiquity, Diabetes has been one of the biggest causes of death amon-g populations around the globe, and according to the World Health Organization, it continues to plague our days. Despite discoveries of more effective treatments, the disease is currently advancing in frightening progressions, with worrying projections for public health. As a therapeutic, statistical follow-up strategy aimed at people with diabetes, the Federal Government launched the HIPERDIA (Hypertensive and Diabetic) program, which monitors the evolution of the disease and the complications of patients. And in this sense, more accessible therapies such as medicinal plants are also used. The objective of this research is to carry out a literature review addressing the options for diabetes control therapies offered in the Unified Health System and to search for herbal medicines with hypoglycemic potential approved by Anvisa. Through a bibliographical survey, eight plant species used by folk medicine to control diabetes were identified, namely: Bauhinia Forficata, Syzygium Cumini, Annona Muricata, Cynara Scolymus, Momordica Charantia, Eugenia Uniflora and Bacharis Trimera. These plants in the program, although they have evidence of their hypoglycemic effect and reduce diabetic symptoms, due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, contribute to a better quality of life for patients.


La diabetes ha sido desde la antigüedad una de las principales causas de muerte entre las poblaciones del planeta, y según la Organización Mundial de la Salud sigue haciendo estragos en nuestros días. A pesar de los descubrimientos de tratamientos más eficaces, la enfermedad avanza actualmente con una progresión aterradora, con proyecciones preocupantes para la salud pública. Como estrategia de seguimiento terapéutico, estadísticamente dirigida a las personas con diabetes, el Gobierno Federal puso en marcha el programa HIPERDIA (Hipertensión y Diabetes), que controla la evolución de la enfermedad y las complicaciones de los pacientes. En este sentido, también se utilizan terapias más accesibles, como las plantas medicinales. El objetivo de esta investigación es realizar una revisión bibliográfica que aborde las opciones de terapias para el control de la diabetes ofrecidas en el Sistema Único de Salud y buscar fitoterapias con potencial hipoglucemiante aprobadas por Anvisa. Mediante un estudio bibliográfico, se identificaron ocho especies vegetales utilizadas por la medicina popular en el control de la diabetes, a saber: Bauhinia Forficata, Syzygium Cumini, Annona Muricata, Cynara Scolymus, Momordica Charantia, Eugenia Uniflora y Baccharis Trimera. Estas plantas del programa, aunque han demostrado su efecto hipoglucemiante y reductor de los síntomas diabéticos, por sus propiedades antioxidantes y antiinflamatorias, colaboran a una mejor calidad de vida para los pacientes.


Subject(s)
Program Development , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Phytotherapeutic Drugs , Plants, Medicinal , Therapeutics , Unified Health System , Public Health , Health Strategies , Momordica charantia/chemistry , Syzygium/chemistry , Annona/chemistry , Baccharis/chemistry , Cynara scolymus/chemistry , Bauhinia/chemistry , Eugenia/chemistry , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents
2.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 64: e21190253, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153292

ABSTRACT

HIGHLIGHTS Essential oils from populations of B. dracunculifolia were investigated. β-pinene and (E)-nerolidol were the main compounds in B. dracunculifolia populations. The difference in the chemical profile of the essential oils is quantitative only. There is a negative correlation between the antioxidant activity and spathulenol.


Abstract Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. is a Brazilian native plant, presenting wide chemical diversity and numerous pharmaceutical and industrial applications. This research assessed the yield, antioxidant activity and the chemical similarity of essential oils from 10 populations of B. dracunculifolia in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. The extraction of the volatile compounds was carried out by hydrodistillation, the chemical composition was determined by GC/FID and GC/MS and the antioxidant activity by the DPPH method. The essential oil yield of wild B. dracunculifolia populations ranged from 0.14 to 0.87%. The oils were predominantly composed of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (34.16 - 51.01%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (18.02 - 46.17%) and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (9.60 - 17.70%). The major compounds found in all populations were β-pinene (7.65 - 29.8%) and (E)-nerolidol (9.11 - 21.68%). Essential oil solutions (20%) from different populations presented antioxidant capacity ranging from 27.78 to 91.67%. A negative correlation was found between the antioxidant activity and spathulenol (r = -0.696). Multivariate analyses separated the populations into three groups: (1) low concentrations of α-pinene (2.02 - 2.06%), (2) high concentrations of α-pinene (4.17 - 4.61%) and β-pinene (22.54 - 29.80%), and (3) intermediate concentrations of α-pinene (2.38 - 3.31%), β-pinene (12.77 - 19.03%) and spathulenol (6.02 - 9.06%).


Subject(s)
Plant Oils/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Baccharis/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Plant Oils/isolation & purification , Brazil , Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
3.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 63: e20190302, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132249

ABSTRACT

Abstract In a climate change context, the buildup of CO2 will affect plant communities worldwide. This study evaluated the effects of CO2 enrichment on the development and defense of two Cerrado native species Baccharis dracunculifolia and B. platypoda and their associated endophytic fungi richness. The study took place in Open-Top Chambers, two with ambient CO2 concentration (~400 ppm) and two in an enriched environment (~800 ppm). Baccharis platypoda developed 20% more leaves under enriched CO2 conditions, whereas B. dracunculifolia was 30% taller and showed 27% more leaves than those under ambient conditions. In both species, leaf polyphenol concentration did not differ between treatments. Nevertheless, polyphenol content had a positive correlation with plant height on both species' individuals grown under CO2 enriched conditions. Endophytic fungi richness and colonization rate on both plant species did not differ between ambient and enriched conditions. Our results show the positive effect of CO2 fertilizer in at least one of the measured growth parameters. An important new finding was a synergistic increase in growth and chemical defense in both studied species under enriched CO2 conditions, suggesting higher carbon assimilation and accumulation. This study suggests that the effects on primary productivity and secondary metabolites of Baccharis species will potentially reflect on the diversity and distribution of Cerrado plants and their associated animal communities.


Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide/pharmacology , Baccharis/growth & development , Fertilizers , Endophytes/growth & development , Polyphenols/biosynthesis , Baccharis/microbiology , Baccharis/chemistry
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 49(3): e5003, Mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-771936

ABSTRACT

Fractionation of the EtOH extract from aerial parts of Baccharis uncinella C. DC. (Asteraceae) led to isolation of caffeic and ferulic acids, which were identified from spectroscopic and spectrometric evidence. These compounds exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have been shown to be effective in the prevention/treatment of metabolic syndrome. This study investigated whether the combined treatment of caffeic and ferulic acids exhibits a more significant beneficial effect in a mouse model with metabolic syndrome. The combination treatment with caffeic and ferulic acids was tested for 60 days in C57 mice kept on a high-fat (40%) diet. The data obtained indicated that treatment with caffeic and ferulic acids prevented gain in body weight induced by the high-fat diet and improved hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The expression of a number of metabolically relevant genes was affected in the liver of these animals, showing that caffeic and ferulic acid treatment results in increased cholesterol uptake and reduced hepatic triglyceride synthesis in the liver, which is a likely explanation for the prevention of hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, the combined treatment of caffeic and ferulic acids displayed major positive effects towards prevention of multiple aspects of the metabolic syndrome and liver steatosis in an obese mouse model.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Baccharis/chemistry , Caffeic Acids/administration & dosage , Coumaric Acids/administration & dosage , Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control , Protective Agents/administration & dosage , Caffeic Acids/chemistry , Cholesterol/metabolism , Coumaric Acids/chemistry , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Drug Therapy, Combination/methods , Fatty Liver/metabolism , Fatty Liver/pathology , Metabolic Syndrome/drug therapy , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Models, Animal , Protective Agents/chemistry , Triglycerides/metabolism
5.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2014. XIX, 104 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-940877

ABSTRACT

Existe uma necessidade urgente de drogas leishmanicidas mais eficazes e/ou menos tóxicas para contribuir com o arsenal terapêutico atualmente disponível. O grupo de pesquisa de Química de Produtos Naturais Bioativos do Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais bioativos do CPqRR tem realizado projetos de bioprospecção de flora brasileira buscando por novos hits que possam ser utilzados no tratamento das leishmanioses. A espécie Baccharis platypoda (Asteraceae) foi uma espécie que mostrou atividade leishmanicida e que foi pouco investigada do ponto de vista químico e biológico. O estudo químico biomonitorado do extrato etanólico das folhas dessa espécie levou à obtenção de cinco frações com elevada toxicidade para formas amastigotas intracelulares de L. (L.) amazonensis e o fracionamento de uma dessas frações resultou no isolamento de um novo diterpenoclerodano, de baixa atividade, que após análise de RMN e ESI-TOF-MS/MS foi denominado platypodiol ou 1R,3R,4R,8aR)-3-(hidroximetil)-4-[(3E)-5-hidroxi-3-metilpent-3-en-1-il]-4,8,8a-trimetil-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahidronaftalen-1-ol. Em estágio sanduíche realizado na Universidade de Granada – Espanha os compostos fenólicos do extrato etanólico das folhasd de B. platypoda foram investigados porHPLC–ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS no modo negativo e 19 ácidos fenólicos, 10 flavonas, 5 flavonóis e 6 flavanonas foram identificados. Além disso, o potencial antioxidante do extrato foi avaliado em quatro ensaios, mostrando o potencial antioxidante daespécie. Esses resultados aumentaram o conhecimento fitoquímico sobre a espécie brasileira B. platypoda, considerando que ela foi até o momento pouco investigada cientificamente.


Subject(s)
Baccharis/chemistry , Leishmania , Leishmaniasis/drug therapy
6.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2014. XIX, 104 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-760540

ABSTRACT

Existe uma necessidade urgente de drogas leishmanicidas mais eficazes e/ou menos tóxicas para contribuir com o arsenal terapêutico atualmente disponível. O grupo de pesquisa de Química de Produtos Naturais Bioativos do Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais bioativos do CPqRR tem realizado projetos de bioprospecção de flora brasileira buscando por novos hits que possam ser utilzados no tratamento das leishmanioses. A espécie Baccharis platypoda (Asteraceae) foi uma espécie que mostrou atividade leishmanicida e que foi pouco investigada do ponto de vista químico e biológico. O estudo químico biomonitorado do extrato etanólico das folhas dessa espécie levou à obtenção de cinco frações com elevada toxicidade para formas amastigotas intracelulares de L. (L.) amazonensis e o fracionamento de uma dessas frações resultou no isolamento de um novo diterpenoclerodano, de baixa atividade, que após análise de RMN e ESI-TOF-MS/MS foi denominado platypodiol ou 1R,3R,4R,8aR)-3-(hidroximetil)-4-[(3E)-5-hidroxi-3-metilpent-3-en-1-il]-4,8,8a-trimetil-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahidronaftalen-1-ol. Em estágio sanduíche realizado na Universidade de Granada – Espanha os compostos fenólicos do extrato etanólico das folhasd de B. platypoda foram investigados porHPLC–ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS no modo negativo e 19 ácidos fenólicos, 10 flavonas, 5 flavonóis e 6 flavanonas foram identificados. Além disso, o potencial antioxidante do extrato foi avaliado em quatro ensaios, mostrando o potencial antioxidante daespécie. Esses resultados aumentaram o conhecimento fitoquímico sobre a espécie brasileira B. platypoda, considerando que ela foi até o momento pouco investigada cientificamente...


Subject(s)
Baccharis/chemistry , Leishmania , Leishmaniasis/drug therapy
7.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 13(4): 456-466, 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-611450

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a composição química do óleo essencial de Baccharis tridentata Vahl, as atividades antioxidante e fungitóxica, e estudar a morfologia das estruturas secretoras do óleo essencial presentes na superfície foliar por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A extração do óleo essencial foi realizada por hidrodestilação, as análises quantitativas e qualitativas foram executadas por meio de cromatografia em fase gasosa com detector de ionização de chamas (FID) e acoplada à espectrometria de massas, respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante foi realizada empregando-se os métodos de redução do radical estável DPPH e o ensaio de oxidação do sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoleico. As atividades fungitóxicas foram avaliadas utilizando o teste bioanalítico in vitro, sobre a inibição do crescimento micelial dos fitopatógenos Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Rhizoctonia solani. A composição química revelou a presença de 28 compostos, sendo o α-tujeno (22,93 por cento) o constituinte majoritário; não foi observada atividade antioxidante por meio dos ensaios utilizados, no entanto, observou-se atividade fungitóxica sobre o crescimento micelial dos fitopatógenos estudados. Já os estudos da superfície foliar por MEV revelaram a presença de tricomas glandulares em ambas as superfícies abaxial e adaxial.


This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and the antioxidant and fungitoxic activities of Baccharis tridentata essential oil, as well as to study the morphology of its secretory structures present on the leaf surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation; the quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and coupled to a mass spectrometer, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by the methods of reduction of the DPPH stable radical and oxidation of the β-carotene/linoleic acid system. Fungitoxic activities were assessed by the in vitro bioanalytical test on the inhibition of the mycelial growth of the plant pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizoctonia solani. The chemical composition revealed the presence of 28 compounds, with α-thujene (22.93 percent) as the major constituent. No antioxidant activity was observed in the tests used; however, there was fungitoxic activity against the mycelial growth of plant pathogens. Leaf surface studies by SEM revealed the presence of glandular trichomes on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Baccharis/chemistry , In Vitro Techniques , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Oils, Volatile/analysis , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Fungal Proteins/toxicity , Secretory Vesicles/physiology , Antifungal Agents/analysis , Biological Assay , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
8.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 12(4): 436-442, out.-dez. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-578984

ABSTRACT

A carqueja-amarga [Baccharis trimera (Asteraceae)] é uma espécie originária do centro-sul da América do Sul. Análises qualitativas e quantitativas foram realizadas utilizando-se a técnica de CG-MS, para avaliar o efeito de diferentes formas de beneficiamento pós-colheita de drogas vegetais constituídas de partes aéreas de carqueja na composição química do óleo essencial, bem como verificar variações na composição quando conservado a -6ºC, durante 8 meses. O armazenamento da droga pulverizada reduziu significativamente o teor de óleo essencial, o que não aconteceu na droga fragmentada. Os teores dos constituintes majoritários espatulenol e ledol não foram influenciados pelo tratamento pós-colheita, embora tenham apresentado variações distintas redução nas concentrações de ledol e aumento nos teores de espatulenol. Verificou-se que as drogas fragmentadas podem ser armazenadas por até 12 meses e pulverizadas no momento da extração, não conferindo redução no teor de óleo essencial, nem dos constituintes químicos. O armazenamento a -6ºC por até oito meses, provocou variações quantitativas em alguns constituintes minoritários, tais como a-guaieno, b-selineno, germacreno B e espatulenol.


"Carqueja-amarga" [Baccharis trimera (Asteraceae)] is a species from the central south of South America. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed using the technique gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to evaluate the effect of different post-harvest processing forms of drugs constituted of parts of "carqueja" on the chemical composition of its essential oil. The variation in the chemical composition of the essential oil stored at -6ºC for up to eight months was also evaluated. Storage of powdered drug significantly reduced the essential oil content, which was not observed for fragmented drug. The concentration of the major constituents of "carqueja" essential oil, spathulenol and ledol, was not affected by the post-harvest treatment, although they presented distinct variations, with ledol concentrations reducing and spathulenol concentrations increasing. We found that fragmented drugs can be stored for up to 12 months and powdered at the moment of extraction, without reducing the concentration of the essential oil or its chemical constituents. Storage at -6ºC for eight months caused quantitative variations in some minor constituents of the essential oil such as a-guaiene, b-selinene, germacrene B and espathulenol.


Subject(s)
Crop Production , Baccharis/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacokinetics , Oils, Volatile , Asteraceae/chemistry , Drug Synergism , Specimen Handling/adverse effects , Plants, Medicinal , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Evaluation Studies as Topic
9.
Arq. Inst. Biol. (Online) ; 77(3): 429-433, jul.-set. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1391321

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de atividade antimicrobiana in vitro dos extratos de algumas plantas endêmicas do Cerrado tais como Baccharis dracunculifolia. Cochlospermum regium. Croton antisyphiliticus. Eugenia dysenterica e Lippia sidoides, frente ao agente Staphylococcus aureus isolado de leite mastítico, ósteo do teto da vaca, equipamento de ordenhadeira, fossas nasais e garganta do ordenhador. Os extratos foram preparados a partir das partes aéreas e sistema radicular das plantas utilizando os solventes metanol, hexano e clorofórmio na concentração de 10%. Para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foi aplicada a técnica de microdiluição em caldo para determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) seguida da determinação da Concentração Bactericida Mínima (MBC). Os extratos de Baccharis dracunculifolia. Croton antisyphiliticus, seguido do extrato de Lippia sidoides, apresentaram, respectivamente, melhor atividade inibitória sobre a multiplicação da bactéria Staphylococcus aureus. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram, ainda, que as estirpes isoladas do leite e das fossas nasais do ordenhador foram resistentes a gentamicina, princípio ativo muito utilizado no combate à mastite bovina, porém sensíveis aos extratos das plantas referidas, reforçando a importância das plantas medicinais como recurso terapêutico e sua aplicabilidade.


The objective of this study is to evaluate the potencial microbial activity in-vitro from the extract of some endemic plants from Cerrado such as Baccharis dracunculifolia. Cochlospermum regium. Croton antisyphiliticus. Eugenia dysenterica and Lippia sidoides, against the agent Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitic milk, osteo from cow's teat, milker equipament, nasal cavitites and milker's gullet. The extracts were prepared from aerial parts as well as the reticular systems of plants using the solvents methanol, hexane and chloroform at a concentration of 10%. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity, the technique of microdilution in broth was used for determining the Minimal Inibitory Concentration (MIC) followed by the determination of Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The extracts from Baccharis dracunculifolia and Croton antisyphiliticus, followed by extracts from Lippia sidoides, reported respectively, presented better inhibitory activity against the multiplication of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the isolated strains from the milk and nasal cavities of the milker showed strong resistance against gentamicin, active agent commonly applied to combat mastitis bovine. However, there was sensitivity against extracts from the reported plants, reinforcing the importance of the medicinal plants as a therapeutic resource and its aplicability.


Subject(s)
Animals , Staphylococcus aureus , Croton/chemistry , Baccharis/chemistry , Lippia/chemistry , Phytotherapy/methods , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Anti-Infective Agents/analysis
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 42(9): 787-790, Sept. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-524322

ABSTRACT

We determined the anti-inflammatory activity of standardized extracts of four medicinal plant species (Baccharis incarum, B. boliviensis, Chuquiraga atacamensis, Parastrephia lucida) that grow in the Argentine Puna (3800 m above sea level) and that are used to reduce oxidative stress and alleviate gout and arthritic pain. The extracts of plant aerial parts were standardized in terms of total phenolic compounds and flavone/flavanone content and free radical scavenging activity. All extracts showed high phenolic compound concentration (0.5-1.6 mg/mL), mainly flavones and flavonols (0.1-0.8 mg/mL). The extracts showed hydrogen donating ability (DPPH and ABTS) and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity (O2●-, OH-, H2O2). The ability of the extracts to inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) was determined by calculating percent inhibition of PGE2 production measured by enzyme immunoassay. All extracts inhibited both enzymes with IC50 values of 2.0 to 16.7 µg/mL. The anti-inflammatory activity of B. incarum and C. atacamensis extracts was higher than that of B. boliviensis and P. lucida. The IC50 values obtained for indomethacin were 0.11 and 0.78 µM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. The present results are consistent with the anecdotal use of these species in phytotherapic preparations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Asteraceae/chemistry , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Argentina , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Asteraceae/classification , Baccharis/chemistry , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/isolation & purification
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